The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) supports the key messages of the European Commission’s Communication on Sustainable Carbon Cycles in an opinion adopted at its May plenary, and believes that the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) must provide a strategic framework paving the way for a low-carbon transition in agriculture.

Responding to the climate emergency, the European Union has put its goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 into law. To achieve such an ambitious objective, sustainable and climate-resilient carbon cycles must be established through a holistic approach, which includes recycling carbon from waste streams, from sustainable sources of biomass or directly from the atmosphere, taking into consideration that increasing carbon sinks and replacing fossil carbon will require more biomass to be produced, which will affect the land sector.

“Finding a solution to carbon neutrality requires that we change our practices by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, finding green alternatives to fossil carbon, and increasing carbon sinks”, said the rapporteur of the opinion Arnold Puech d’Alissac. “The EESC supports the two solutions proposed by the Commission for removing and sequestering carbon: nature-based solutions and industrial technological solutions. However, we recognise that some challenges for certified carbon sequestration identified in the communication are still unsolved”, he added.

Carbon sequestration will be a key component of European agriculture and forestry in the future, and should therefore not only be seen as a commercial opportunity. It is also a tool for climate action and contributes to more resilient and sustainable rural areas, in line with the long-term vision for EU rural areas.

The Committee also highlights the critical role that the CAP must play in providing a policy framework paving the way for the low-carbon transition in agriculture, whereby the sector will emit less and sequester more. The investment support in the CAP can and should reward carbon storage financially as an eco-service and income support for farmers; however, carbon storage should not be a condition of the CAP and a specific market must be further promoted. The EESC further considers that the development of carbon sequestration will require a clear legal framework. The agricultural sector will have to adapt in order to successfully develop sustainable carbon cycles while contributing to the broader transition to sustainable food systems.

The EESC also stresses that industrial solutions, such as permanent CO₂ storage in geological formations, will have to be sustainable and prevent negative impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems and communities.

The well-being of workers, as well as the need for fair remuneration, should also be taken into account so that farmers and workers will commit to, and make a success of, the transition to a low-carbon economy.